Modulation

As large-scale AI clusters and AIDC (AI Data Center) environments become commonplace, the core bottleneck in network engineering has shifted beyond the 'software stack' to 'Physical Signal Integrity' and 'Thermal Management.' This is because in fabrics where tens of thousands of accelerators perform all-to-all communication, even delays of just a few nanoseconds (ns) or link flaps can bring the entire collective computation to a halt. In the previous [Basic] section, GBIC's…